When the cutting fluid (such as cutting oil) is mainly used as lubricant, it should be transported to the surface of the oil film. On the contrary, if the cutting fluid is selected to be cooled, such as a water base cutting fluid, the cutting fluid should be close to the edge of the cutting tool. Under this condition, it is usually necessary to force the cutting fluid into the cutting area by means of pressure method, so as to remove the heat generated by the friction and deformation.
Continuous application of cutting fluid is better than intermittent application of cutting fluid, intermittent application of cutting fluid will produce a thermal cycle, resulting in hard and brittle tool materials (such as carbide tools) to produce cracks and chipping. Intermittent use of cutting fluid in addition to cutting tool life, but also make the work surface roughness uneven. Another advantage of the correct use of cutting fluid is the effective removal of the chip, which also helps to extend the tool life. The nozzle placed as appropriate cutting fluid, can prevent the chip groove milling cutter and drill is blocked or chip chip is not smooth. For some of the large workpiece processing, or large feed capacity of the strong cutting, grinding, using two or more rows of cooling fluid nozzle, so that it can be fully cooled, is conducive to improve the processing efficiency, to ensure the quality of processing.
Manual oiling method for cutting liquid cooling
Solid or pasty lubricant can be used brush, brush or lubricant onto the tool or workpiece (mainly thread, screw die sleeve). Recently, the development of hand lift liquid supply device, through the pressure of the lubricant atomization, spray to the tool and workpiece. If there is not a small amount of drilling or tapping thread on the machine tool with a cooling system, it is an effective way to use the oil by hand. When two different processes are to be done on the same machine tool, the oil can be used in conjunction with the overflow cooling system on the machine tool.
Relief method of cutting fluid cooling
The most common method of cutting fluids is the overflow method. The cutting fluid is pumped into the pipe with a low pressure pump, which flows through the valve from the nozzle. Cutting fluid through the cutting zone and then flow to different parts of the machine, and then gathered from the pan, pan cutting fluid flow back to the tank, recycling. Therefore, the cutting fluid tank should have enough volume, so that the cutting fluid has time to cool and fine chips and abrasive particles and other settlement. Depending on the type of processing, the volume of the cutting fluid tank is about 20-200L, the individual processing is greater, such as drilling deep hole and strong grinding, cutting fluid tank up to 500-1000L or greater. The pan should be provided with coarse filter, prevent cutting into the cutting liquid box, and a fine filter is arranged in the pump suction port. For grinding, honing and deep hole drilling, deep hole boring machine, the surface quality of the workpiece processing requirements, must remove the finer particles and cutting, grinding wheel wear debris particles, such as gun deep drilling, must be filtered by 10um filter. The use of filtration equipment can avoid the cutting fluid containing excessive pollutants or excessive metal particles, help to maintain the cleaning liquid and extend the use of cutting fluid. Modern automatic machine tools are generally equipped with cutting fluid filtration, separation, purification device. The cutting fluid can flow continuously to the cutting area and the chip is washed away by the overflow method. The flow rate of the cutting fluid is larger, so that the cutting tool and the workpiece are submerged by the cutting fluid. In addition to providing adequate cutting fluid to the cutting area, there must be sufficient cutting fluid to prevent abnormal temperature rise. In deep drilling, cutting fluid such as the box is too small, the cutting fluid temperature rise quickly, when the oil temperature exceeds 60 degrees, the cutting can not continue, so deep hole drilling machine are equipped with large cooling tank.
The distribution of cutting fluid directly affects the efficiency of cutting fluid. The nozzle should be placed in the cutting fluid is not due to the centrifugal force and outside off tool or workpiece position. It is best to use two or more nozzles, one to deliver the cutting fluid to the cutting zone, while the other is used to aid cooling and washing away the chips. When turning and boring, the cutting fluid is required to be sent directly to the cutting area, so that the cutting fluid covers the edge of the cutting tool and the workpiece.
Practice proves that the 3/4 nozzle diameter cutting fluid is at least equal to the width of the tool. For heavy duty turning and boring, second nozzles are required to provide cutting fluid along the lower side of the tool. The cutting fluid provided by the lower nozzle can be smoothly transmitted to the cutting tool and the workpiece without the cutting barrier, and is helpful to lubricate at low speed. Horizontal drilling and reaming, it is best to pass through the hollow tool hole to the cutting fluid to the cutting area, to ensure that the blade has enough cutting fluid and the chip from the hole out. The spiral groove drill (in order to discharge the chip) to remove the cutting fluid from the cutting zone to the role, so even the vertical drill into the cutting area, the cutting fluid is also very little, only the hollow drill can solve this problem.
High pressure method for cooling of cutting fluid
For some processing, such as deep hole drilling and hole drilling, commonly used high pressure (pressure 0.69-13.79MPa) cutting fluid supply system. Deep hole drilling with a single drill, boring and similar, just a bit internal pathway of cutting fluid. Hole drilling is a method of drilling a hole in a workpiece but leaving a solid cylinder. When the tool into the workpiece, a solid cylinder drilled through the hollow cylindrical cutter head, with the pressure pump the cutting fluid to the tool around, forcing chip flow from the tool center. The cutting fluid used for hole drilling must have good extreme pressure and sintering resistance,
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